sshuttle is a Python based script that allows you to tunnel connections through SSH in a far more efficient way then traditional ssh proxying.
By far the greatest perk of sshuttle is that it requires no installation on the server side. As long as you have an SSH server (with python installed) you're good to go.
Because it inserts iptables entries, the client running sshuttle must be root however no special privileges are needed on the server.
How to use it
Install
$ sudo pip install sshuttle
# you may need to install
# python-pip
Tunnel to all networks (0.0.0.0/0)
$ sudo sshuttle -r user@server 0/0
Tunnel to a particular subnet
$ sudo sshuttle -r admin@router:31415 192.168.1.0/24
(You can set the port of the server in -r)
Other options you may want to use
-e --ssh-cmd
Customize the ssh command (by default, just ssh).
e.g. to use a specific ssh keypair -e 'ssh -i ~/.ssh/aws/apse2.pem'
--dns
Force all dns requests through the tunnel
-D --daemon
Run it as a daemon. Useful if you want to make a systemd unit
-v -vv -vvv
Set different levels of verbosity, at max, you see it on the console each time a new tcp session is redirected
How it works
The Docs explain it far better than I could. The key point is this
sshuttle assembles the TCP stream locally, multiplexes it statefully over an ssh session, and disassembles it back into packets at the other end. So it never ends up doing TCP-over-TCP. It’s just data-over-TCP, which is safe.
Normal VPNs create an interface and forward traffic along as packets. The way sshuttle works is network agnostic. The SSH side works kinda like a serial link, rather than sending the traffic as complete packets, it sends it as raw data which only becomes packets at the other end.
On the host side of things, sshuttle listens on a local port, and creates iptables NAT rules that redirect traffic into this port. This port is the endpoint to "suck" traffic and through the use of magic (described in the docs) "teleport" the traffic to the server.
It creates the following iptables chain in the nat table.
$ iptables -t nat -N sshuttle-12300
At the top of the PREROUTING and OUTPUT chains, we jump to the sshuttle chain. The sshuttle chain has two quite simple rules.
- Do nothing for tcp traffic destined to localhost
-j RETURN --dest 127.0.0.1/32 -p tcp - Redirect tcp traffic into the locally listening sshuttle port.
-j REDIRECT --dest 0.0.0.0/0 -p tcp --to-ports 12300 -m ttl ! --ttl 42
In the sshuttle docs, there is an option to specify the binding of this port. You can make it listen on a particular interface, or listen on all, or the default, listen on 127.0.0.1.
In a pinch you could have sshuttle running on a box, open the port to a particular interface, and then on a router, apply these rules to redirect tcp traffic into sshuttle port on the box.
This way the router would not have to waste its limited processing power running a python script.